Pressure Unit Converter

Type a pressure into any field below and the other five update instantly. Covers the six units used across every gas law calculator on this site.

Pressure Converter

1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg = 14.6959 psi

Common Pressure Conversion Factors

1 UnitEquals
1 atm101,325 Pa
1 atm101.325 kPa
1 atm1.01325 bar
1 atm760 mmHg
1 atm760 torr
1 atm14.6959 psi
1 bar100,000 Pa
1 psi6,894.76 Pa

Pressure units multiplied on chemistry, physics, and engineering fields for historical reasons. Barometers used mercury columns (mmHg, torr), meteorology and general chemistry standardized on the atmosphere (atm), the SI system defined the pascal (Pa) from first principles, and US customary engineering kept pounds-per-square-inch (psi).

All of them describe the same physical quantity, force per unit area, just scaled differently, which is why converting between them is always a simple multiplication, never an offset like temperature conversion requires.

Whichever unit your textbook, lab manual, or datasheet uses, every gas law calculator on this site, Boyle's Law, the ideal gas law, and the combined gas law solver, accepts it directly.

Worked Example: Converting a Tire Pressure Reading

Problem: A tire pressure gauge reads 32 psi. What is this in kPa, and how many atmospheres is it?

Given: P = 32 psi. 1 psi = 6,894.76 Pa = 6.89476 kPa. Convert to kPa: 32 × 6.89476 = 220.63 kPa Convert to atm: 220.63 kPa ÷ 101.325 kPa/atm P ≈ 220.6 kPa ≈ 2.18 atm

Note that a car tire's 32 psi reading is a gauge pressure, measured relative to atmospheric pressure, not relative to a total vacuum. The absolute pressure inside the tire is actually about 32 + 14.7 = 46.7 psi, since atmospheric pressure is already pushing on the tire from outside. This gauge-versus-absolute distinction matters whenever a real-world pressure reading feeds into a gas law calculation, since Boyle's Law, the ideal gas law, and every other calculator on this site expect absolute pressure, not gauge pressure.

Common Mistakes When Converting Pressure Units

The most common mistake is confusing gauge pressure with absolute pressure, as shown in the worked example above. Most everyday pressure gauges, tire gauges, blood pressure cuffs, most industrial pressure gauges, read relative to atmospheric pressure, so a reading of 0 psi gauge is actually about 14.7 psi absolute. Gas law calculators always need absolute pressure, so failing to add atmospheric pressure back in when converting a gauge reading is a frequent and easy-to-miss source of error.

A second mistake is treating mmHg and torr as if they were exactly identical in every context, they differ by less than 0.001%, which is negligible for virtually all practical purposes, but precision scientific work occasionally does distinguish them, so it's worth knowing they aren't perfectly interchangeable even though they're treated that way almost everywhere else.

A third pitfall is rounding conversion factors too aggressively during multi-step conversions. Converting psi to atm to kPa in two separate rounded steps can introduce more error than converting directly with a single precise factor. When precision matters, convert directly between your starting and ending unit rather than chaining several rounded intermediate conversions.

Finally, always double-check which unit a data source is actually reporting. Engineering specifications from different countries and industries mix Pa, bar, psi, and atm freely, and assuming the wrong one (especially confusing bar with atm, which are close but not identical) is one of the most common real-world sources of pressure-related calculation errors.

Pressure Unit Converter FAQ

How many kPa are in one atmosphere?
1 atm = 101.325 kPa exactly, by definition. The atmosphere (atm) was originally based on average sea-level air pressure, and is now defined as exactly 101,325 pascals.
How do you convert psi to atm?
Divide by 14.6959: atm = psi ÷ 14.6959, since 1 atm = 14.6959 psi. For example, a typical car tire at 32 psi is about 2.18 atm.
What is the difference between mmHg and torr?
They are nearly identical: 1 torr is defined as exactly 1/760 of a standard atmosphere, while 1 mmHg is the pressure exerted by a 1 millimeter column of mercury under standard gravity. The two differ by less than 0.001%, so in almost all practical chemistry and physics contexts they can be treated as interchangeable.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
The pascal (Pa), defined as one newton per square meter (1 Pa = 1 N/m²). It is the base unit used in the ideal gas law's SI form, PV = nRT with R = 8.314462618 J/(mol·K), and is what this site's calculators convert to internally before solving any gas law equation.
Why are there so many different pressure units?
Different fields adopted different practical reference points over time: atmospheres from everyday air pressure, mmHg and torr from historical mercury barometers, psi from Imperial/US engineering, and bar as a convenient round SI-adjacent unit (1 bar = 100,000 Pa almost exactly matches 1 atm). This calculator exists precisely so you never have to memorize the conversion factors between them.
Which pressure unit should I use in a gas law calculator?
Any of them. Every calculator on this site accepts pressure in Pa, kPa, MPa, bar, mbar, atm, mmHg, torr, psi, or inHg and converts internally, so you can use whichever unit your original problem or data uses without converting by hand first.
How is atmospheric pressure measured, and why is it called 'atmospheric'?
Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted by the weight of the air in Earth's atmosphere pressing down at a given point. It's measured with a barometer. Historically a sealed tube of mercury, which is why mmHg and torr became standard pressure units. Average sea-level atmospheric pressure defines the 'standard atmosphere' (1 atm), though actual atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, weather systems, and temperature.
Why does pressure decrease with altitude?
Atmospheric pressure at any point equals the weight of all the air above it pressing down. Climb a mountain or fly in a plane and there is simply less air stacked above you, so pressure drops, roughly by half every 5.5 km of altitude near sea level. This is also why the same balloon inflated at sea level will visibly expand at high altitude: lower external pressure lets the gas inside expand outward, per Boyle's Law.
What pressure unit does the ideal gas law's R constant expect?
It depends on which version of R you use, the SI value, R = 8.314462618 J/(mol·K), expects pressure in pascals; the common chemistry value, R = 0.082057 L·atm/(mol·K), expects pressure in atmospheres. Whichever unit your data is already in, converting to match a known value of R (or letting a calculator do it automatically) is the key step before applying PV = nRT.

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